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| Registros recuperados: 197 | |
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| Austin, David H.; MacAuley, Molly K.. |
| This paper describes a model for estimating, in a probabilistic framework, expected future consumer surplus from planned new product innovations. The model has been applied to estimations of taxpayer benefits from NASA's New Millenium Program (NMP), which develops new technologies for space science, and to the digital data storage technologies being supported by the Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program (ATP). The model uses cost index methods based on consumers' estimated marginal valuation for quality improvements in the technology. Probabilistic values for performance increases are taken from the innovators' own expectations. The analysis reveals the sensitivity of welfare increases to these values, which are assumed to be biased upward.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted cost index; Consumer surplus; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; O32; H43; D60. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10655 |
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| Burtraw, Dallas. |
| The 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) instituted a national program in tradable sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission permits, referred to as "emission allowances," in the U.S. electricity sector. This paper provides a survey and assessment of the SO2 allowance trading program with a focus on the role of innovation. Over the last decade the cost of compliance has fallen dramatically compared with most expectations, and today the total cost of the program is 40-140% lower than projections (depending on the timing of those projections and the counter-factual baseline considered). Marginal costs of reductions are less than one-half the cost considered in most analyses at the time the program was introduced. Innovation accounts for a large portion of these... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Incentive-based regulation; SO2 trading; Clean Air Act Amendments; Environmental Economics and Policy; O31; Q25. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10599 |
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| Furtado, Renata Pedretti Morais. |
| The objective of the present work is to evaluate the relationship among competitiveness, globalism and inovations determined factors of technical and administrative changes in companies of Minas Gerais. It was used a qualitative research that aimed to gather data about the structure of the company; investments that were carried pit; the strength and the weakness aspects; opportunities and threats; the use of technologies and development of new products; the training processes; the abilities and the new area of knowledge relevant for the professionals; establishment of partnership; levels of exporting; the existence of investments directed to P&D; the role of the state on the present process. The data were gathered in Belo Horizonte, Contagem, Betim,... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Globalim; Competitiveness. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43289 |
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| Gaisford, James D.; Richardson, R. Stephen. |
| The world standards for patents and copyrights established by the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) have been controversial from their inception. This article establishes parallels between cooperative increases in the duration of intellectual property protection and cooperative reductions in tariff protection. Whereas a countrys tariffs lead to unintended harm to other countries, its intellectual property protection generates unintended benefits. The long-established GATT principle of trade liberalization has traditionally achieved mutual gains for countries of all types through symmetric tariff rate cuts that result in different final rates. By contrast, the TRIPS agreement created the likelihood of losses for developing... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Copyrights; Innovation; Intellectual property; Patents; Trade-related intellectual property rights; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23839 |
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| Montero, Juan-Pablo. |
| This paper studies firms’ incentives to invest in environmental R&D under different market structures (Cournot and Bertrand) and environmental policy instruments (emission standards, taxes, tradable permits and auctioned permits). Because of market strategic effects, R&D incentives vary widely across market structures and instruments. For example, when firms’ products are strategic substitutes (i.e., Cournot), either emission standards, taxes or auctioned permits can provide the most incentives. But when firms’ products are strategic complements, either taxes or auctioned permits provide the most incentives. If markets are perfectly competitive, however, permits and emission standards offer similar incentives that are lower than those offered by... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environment; Regulation; Market structure; Innovation; Marketing; Environmental Economics and Policy; L13; L50; Q28. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44294 |
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| Registros recuperados: 197 | |
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